Personnel Shortfalls
use top talent
team building
training

Unrealistic schedules and budgets
multisource estimation
designing to cost

requirements scrubbing
Developing the wrong Software functions
better requirements analysis
organizational/operational analysis

Developing the wrong User Interface
prototypes, scenarios, task analysis

Gold Plating
requirements scrubbing
cost benefit analysis
designing to cost

Continuing stream of requirements changes
high change threshold
information hiding
incremental development

Shortfalls in externally furnished components
early benchmarking
inspections, compatibility analysis

Shortfalls in externally performed tasks
pre-award audits
competitive designs

Real-time performance shortfalls
targeted analysis
simulations, benchmarks, models

Straining computer science capabilities
technical analysis
checking scientific literature